Chronic hepatitis C: an underestimated viral infection with modern therapies

Chronic hepatitis C: an underestimated viral infection with modern therapies

Hepatitis C is a viral infection of the liver that affects millions of people worldwide. If it is not recognized or treated, it can become chronic and cause long-term damage such as liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. In countries such as Japan, treatment is now even part of regular health insurance coverage, which makes access easier for many sufferers.

What is chronic hepatitis C?

After infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a chronic form develops in around three quarters of people. The virus remains active in the body and leads to a silent inflammation of the liver over the years. Common symptoms are

• Persistent fatigue
• A feeling of pressure or pain in the right upper abdomen
• Concentration problems
• Jaundice (in later stages)
• Dark urine, light-colored stool

In many cases, the disease goes unnoticed for a long time – until the liver is already damaged.

How is the virus transmitted?

HCV is mainly transmitted via blood contact, e.g. through

• Blood transfusions (before 1992, without HCV testing)
• Sharing syringes (e.g. when using drugs)
• Non-sterile tattoos or piercings
• Medical procedures in countries with poor hygiene

Sexual transmission is rare, but possible – especially in the case of mucous membrane injuries or other infections.

Modern treatment options

Today’s treatment is based on DAAs (Direct Acting Antivirals) – modern antiviral drugs that specifically block the virus. These are taken orally for 8 to 12 weeks, are well tolerated and very effective.

After treatment, many people report more energy, improved liver values and noticeable relief in everyday life.

Toxopheresis – complementary approach to support liver function

Toxopheresis is an innovative approach that is being researched and offered in specialized centers. This is a special blood purification procedure that aims to remove certain toxic substances, inflammatory mediators or excess immune factors from the blood. In chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis C, this can potentially help to reduce the burden on the liver and relieve the immune system. Toxopheresis is considered a complementary measure and is particularly suitable for complex or therapy-resistant courses – always under medical supervision.

Japan as a pioneer – health insurance coverage for hepatitis C therapy

Japan recognized early on how great the social burden of chronic hepatitis C is. The statutory health insurance funds there cover the costs of modern DAAs – regardless of whether liver damage is already present. In addition, there are national screening programs and targeted awareness campaigns to identify those affected at an early stage.

The result: significantly fewer complications, lower healthcare costs in the long term and a better quality of life for many people.

Why a test is so important

As the infection is often asymptomatic, it is frequently overlooked. A simple blood test can provide clarity. A test is particularly useful for:

• Elevated liver values without a clear cause
• Risk factors such as previous blood transfusions or drug use
• Staying in regions with a high incidence of HCV

The earlier the infection is detected, the better the subsequent damage can be counteracted.

Conclusion

Chronic hepatitis C is a serious, but nowadays easily treatable viral infection. Modern medication, complementary procedures such as toxopheresis and consistent access to therapy – as in Japan – show how much is possible today. The key is to get tested and develop the right individual strategy together with doctors.